VALVETRONIC, Double-Vanos and direct injection
The combination of a high power output and a simultaneous reduction in emissions is achieved by VALVETRONIC variable valve timing and Double-Vanos variable camshaft timing. The latest generation of the VALVETRONIC system features a faster-acting, optimised stepper motor with integrated sensor. Seamlessly variable control of intake valve lift dispenses with the need for a throttle valve. Instead, the air mass is controlled inside the engine, resulting in faster response. At the same time, pumping losses have been reduced to a minimum.
The excellent efficiency is also down to the High Precision Direct Petrol Injection system. Centrally positioned between the valves, solenoid injectors precisely control the supply of fuel. The fuel is injected very close to the spark plug, with a maximum injection pressure of 200 bar, resulting in clean and homogeneous combustion. The cooling effect of the directly injected fuel also results in a higher compression ratio than on port injection engines, bringing further efficiency improvements.
See also:
Engine oil temperature
► Cold engine: the pointer is
at
the low temperature end.
Drive at moderate engine and
vehicle speeds.
► Normal operating temperature:
the pointer is in the middle
or in the ...
Tire age
The tire manufacturing date is contained in the
tire identification mark: DOT ... 3410 means that
the tire was manufactured in the week 34 of
2010.
BMW recommends that you replace all tires aft ...
General driving notes
Closing the tailgate
Drive with the tailgate closed
Only drive with the tailgate closed; otherwise,
in the event of an accident or braking or
evasive maneuvers, passengers or other road
users ma ...
